Performance enhancement of distance relay in presence of unified power flow controller

The characteristics of the distance relay are devised based on online and fault impedance. uses information to react expected state; however, integrating grid with a unified power flow controller (UPFC) might stop from fault-triggered operations, requiring altered characteristics. Building tripping parameters among critical challenges that must be addressed for transmission line relays because current networks face higher stress regarding system operation. Furthermore, use flexible AC systems (FACTS) instruments at level adversely affects performance due impedance differences. UPFC is essential FACTS instruments; it comprises shunt series converters alter apparent impedance; hence, was considered this study, where test during assessed demonstrate output before after using UPFC. MATLAB used build scenarios demonstrating effect located in line's midsection or end not This research offers an analytical technique determine probable effects outcomes provide new several resistances locations fault-specific trajectory reactions.